挡风玻璃如何工作

这wipers combine two mechanical technologies to perform their task:

降低电动机和齿轮

需要很多力量为了使雨刮器在挡风玻璃上来回加速。为了产生这种类型的力，worm gearis used on the output of a small electric motor.

虫子gear reductioncan multiply the扭矩of the motor by about 50 times, while slowing the output speed of the electric motor by 50 times as well. The output of the gear reduction operates a linkage that moves the wipers back and forth.

Inside the motor/gear assembly is an电子电路当雨刮器处于下调位置时，这会感觉到。该电路为刮水器保持电源，直到将其停在挡风玻璃的底部，然后将电动机的动力切割为电动机。该电路在间歇性的环境中时还将雨刮器停放在湿巾之间。

连锁

短cam附着在齿轮还原的输出轴上。当雨刮器电动机转动时，该凸轮旋转。凸轮连接到一根长杆；当凸轮旋转时，它来回移动杆。长杆连接到一根短杆，该杆在驾驶员侧代替了刮水器刀片。另一个长杆将力从驾驶员侧传输到乘客侧雨刮器刀片。

现在，让我们谈谈刮水器叶片的一些细节。

刮水器叶片就像挤压。雨刮器的胳膊拖了一条rubber stripacross the windshield to clear away the water.

当刀片是新的时，橡胶是干净的，没有划痕或裂缝。它可以将水擦去而不会留下条纹。当刮水器叶片年龄，划痕或裂缝形成时，道路污垢会在边缘积聚，并且不会使窗户紧密地密封，因此它会留下条纹。有时，您可以通过用窗户清洁剂浸泡一块布擦拭边缘，直到没有更多的污垢从刀片上掉下来，从而从雨刮器叶片中获得了一些额外的生命。

Another key to streak-free operation is甚至压力在橡胶叶片的长度上。刮水器叶片的设计目的是在中间的单个点附加，但是一系列的手臂分支从中间像树一样，因此刀片实际上是在六到八个地方连接的。如果iceorsnowforms on these arms, it can make the distribution of pressure uneven, causing streaks under part of the blade. Some wiper manufacturers make a specialwinterblade with a rubber boot covering the arm assembly to keep snow and ice out.

Pivot Points

大多数汽车几乎具有相同的雨刮器设计：两个叶片一起移动以清洁挡风玻璃。其中一个刀片从靠近汽车驾驶员侧的点旋转，另一个刀片从挡风玻璃中部附近。这是串联系统在下图中。该设计清除了驾驶员视野中的大部分挡风玻璃。

一些汽车上还有其他一些设计。梅赛德斯使用一个单个刮水器臂，该臂在扫过窗户时会延伸和缩回 -Single Arm (Controlled)in the figure above. This design also provides good coverage, but is more complicated than the standard dual-wiper systems. Some cars use wiper blades that are mounted on opposite sides of the windshield and move in the opposite direction, and some vehicles have a single wiper mounted in the middle. These systems don't provide as much coverage for the driver as the standard two-blade system.

Most wipers have a low and a high speed, as well as an intermittent setting. When the wipers are on low and high speed, the发动机连续运行。但是在间歇性的环境中，雨刮器在每个擦拭之间暂时停止。有许多不同的种类开关for wipers. Some汽车have just one intermittent speed, others have 10 discrete settings and still others have a sliding scale that can be set for almost any time interval.

无论您的汽车具有哪种控制，将它们设置出色都可能很棘手 - 太快了，挡风玻璃变干，刮水器吱吱作响；太慢，您的能见度被阻止raindrops。更复杂的是，随着汽车加速并减速，撞挡风玻璃的水量发生变化。它可能需要几乎持续的关注才能使雨刮器保持正常运行。汽车制造商可能最终用雨刷技术的圣杯征服了这个问题 -rain-sensing wiper。

In the past, automakers have tried to either eliminate the wipers or to control their speed automatically. Some of the schemes involved detecting the vibrations caused by individual raindrops hitting the windshield, applying special coatings that did not allow drops to form, or even ultrasonically vibrating the windshield to break up the droplets so they don't need to be wiped at all. But these systems were plagued by problems and either never made it to production or were quickly axed because they annoyed more drivers than they pleased.

However, a new type of wiper system is starting to appear on cars that actually does a good job of detecting the amount of water on the windshield and controlling the wipers. One such system is made by TRW Inc., here is a PDF describing theirrain sensor system.TRW Inc.使用光传感器to detect the moisture. The sensor is mounted in contact with the inside of the windshield, near therearview mirror。

传感器项目红外光into the windshield at a 45-degree angle. If the glass is dry, most of this光通过挡风玻璃的前部反射回传感器。如果waterdroplets are on theglass, they reflect the light in different directions -- the wetter the glass, the less light makes it back into the sensor.

这电子产品传感器中的软件打开雨刮器，当反射到传感器上的光量降低到预设水平时。该软件根据湿巾之间的水分积累的速度来设定雨刷器的速度。它可以以任何速度操作雨刮器。该系统根据必要的经常调节速度，以与水分积累速率相匹配。

这TRW system, which is found on many General Motors cars, including all Cadillac models, can also be overridden or turned off so the car can be washed.

有关挡风玻璃刮水器和相关主题的更多信息，请查看下一页上的链接！

Originally Published: Mar 23, 2001