军事立交桥如何工作

尽管禁止在体育赛事中进行天桥，但它们一直都在发生，就像2009年3月在拉斯维加斯赛车场的NASCAR SPRINT杯系列Shelby 427之前那样。

Stephen Dunn/Getty Images对于NASCAR

任何人都可以要求天桥 - 不允许军队偏爱一个团体而不是另一组 - 尽管如果您不符合某些条件，您可能不会获得批准。

Requesting a flyover is as simple as filling out a form on the Department of Defense (DoD) Web site. On DoD Form 2535, you can request various services, including:

If you select "aerial demonstration team," you can ask for the美国军队Golden Knights,美国海军蓝色天使或另一个特别团队。“其他空中支持”可能是指降落伞示威或搜救小组。

Expect to provide basic information about your event, such as when it's occurring and the location. You must also include crucial information about the elevation, size of the runway available (if possible) and the general type of site. It's also the requester's responsibility to offer details about any other aviation activity that may occur at the event.

该事件必须遵守与政府批准的活动有关的某些准则：它不能以任何基础歧视，也不能赞助任何组织。它必须向公众开放。该事件不能认可一种宗教或政治观点。该活动无法设计为为赞助商带来利润。通常，活动组织者必须为军事招聘人员腾出空间。

根据表格2535表，天桥应该仅限于与航空有关的事件或与“爱国假期”有关的事件或事件 - 武装部队日，阵亡将士纪念日，独立日，POW/MIA认可日和退伍军人日[来源：资料来源：美国空军]。So technically, flyovers are not supposed to occur at sports events. Nevertheless, 440 sporting events had空军2005年和2006年的天桥，同一时期，海军批准了469个体育赛事的天桥或降落伞演示[来源：罗宾斯]。

If the event does involve planes in flight (and not a static display), then you will also have to coordinate with the local空中管制authorities, and you may need to obtain air show waivers from the FAA up to 60 days in advance. If your request is approved, you may have to do the work in finding an available squadron. Or, you may be contacted by a squadron commander who viewed your approved request online.

这空军将天桥定义为“同一兵役中的一到四架同一类型的一到四架飞机的直盘，而不涉及特技飞机或飞机示范” [来源：美国空军]。有时，飞机可能会转过身并执行另一次通行证。飞机的高度至少为1,000英尺（305米），这是9月11日之后制定的规则。但是没有技巧或其他动作，因此不要期望看到雷鸟或特技团队作为一部分天桥。

天桥不一定由战斗机组成。直升机may be used, such as the UH-60 Black Hawk, or a large cargo plane like a C-17 Globemaster III. In fact, someone requesting a flyover can ask for any plane within the military's inventory, though it's not a guarantee that it will be available.

天桥s have to be carefully timed, usually so that the fighter jets appear just as the national anthem finishes (during the "home of the brave" line). The calculations are all performed on a电脑， 使用GPScoordinates and a target speed. Meanwhile, the planes are in a holding pattern near the event site. When a spotter positioned on the ground gives the command, the planes are off and soar over the event right on cue. The pilots may later appear at the event to be honored in person.

飞机或直升机驶过后，可能会发生其他相关活动，例如陆军金骑士降落伞队的降落伞下降。

On the next page, we'll learn what happens when a flyover goes bad, taking a look at a couple of notorious incidents.

这张照片是2009年4月有争议的纽约空军一号天桥后，白宫/国防部发布的几张官方图像之一。

白宫/国防部

这botched New York City空军One天桥也许是天桥出错的最著名的例子。2009年4月27日星期一上午10点左右，纽约和新泽西州的一些居民看到了看起来像波音747在天空中飞低下的波音，盘旋该地区并被战斗机落后时，他们感到恐慌。在9月11日之后，这一不寻常的事件激起了许多人的可怕反应。工人冲出办公楼，紧急服务号码接到了一系列电话。

In fact, the plane was the backup Air Force One jet and it looks just like the one on which the president normally travels. Unfortunately, the White House Military Office hadn't announced to the public that a plane would be flying over as part of a photo-op, although New York City officials had been notified beforehand. As a result, Louis E. Caldera, the director of the White House Military Office, turned in his resignation on May 8, 2009. In the letter, Caldera writes,

这April 2009 NYC flyover was not the only controversial incident of its kind, particularly in New York. In February 2002, Manhattanites were shocked to see two F-16s returning from a routine patrol, flying at low altitude over the city. On May 15, 2003, a Boeing 777 containing soldiers returning home from Iraq "buzzed" the Statue of Liberty. Flying at an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 feet (610 to 914 meters), the plane had, at the last minute, received special permission to fly low and offer the soldiers a better view of the landmark [source:Saltonstall，Mbugua，Gittrich]。以前已经为返回士兵进行了类似的蝇by。但是这一事件引起了一些居民的恐慌，并导致当地消防局赶到现场。这也结束了返回士兵的蝇by的做法。

由于9月11日和2009年4月的天桥的影响，美国政府在通知公众涉及低空飞机的演习方面一直更加谨慎。2009年5月，NORAD对华盛顿特区进行夜间演习时，政府向当地机构和公众发出了许多新闻稿，咨询和通知。

For more information about flyovers, military planes and other related topics, look over the links on the next page.