失业的5个税收提示

经过:戴夫·罗斯(Dave Roos)

即使您失业,您仍然必须纳税。那有多残酷?查看更多著名的避税天堂图片。
即使您失业,您仍然必须纳税。那有多残酷?查看更多著名的避税天堂图片。
Yellow Dog Productions/盖蒂图像

四月的确是最残酷的月份,甚至是unemployed。Let's say you've been out of work for months or even a year, waiting in line at every overstuffed job fair and subscribing to every overlooked job board. The only money coming in the door is an unemployment check from the government, a fraction of your regular salary and not nearly enough to cover the mortgage, the信用卡账单and the groceries. But then April 15 comes along, and the国税局(IRS)在您倒下时踢您。

是的,即使失业者也必须申请并付款所得税。残酷,残酷,残酷。但是有一些好消息。如果你精明tax deductions和积分,您可以大大降低税收负担,甚至逃脱税务员的掌握,直到您恢复工资。

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请继续阅读我们的失业者五个基本税收提示。我们将从必要的邪恶开始:提交所得税。

5: Unemployment Benefits Are Taxable

Yes, it seems cruel and unusual, but any失业补偿您从美国政府(联邦和州)收到您也应由美国政府征税。您甚至必须为通过联邦救灾计划支付的失业福利缴税[来源:国税局]。如果这是您的新闻,那么您并不孤单。根据最近的一项调查,将近40%的纳税人不知道失业福利是应纳税的[来源:堵塞]。

If you receive unemployment benefits, the government will send you Form 1099-G a few months before taxes are due. The form will show exactly how much money you earned in unemployment benefits. Your duty is to list that amount on the appropriate line of your 1040所得税表[来源:国税局]。

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为了避免在四月支付所有失业赔偿税的贴纸冲击,您可以选择从全年的失业支票中扣除税款。只需填写W-4V表格,自愿预扣请求,然后将其提交给您的福利。从那时起,政府将从每张支票中扣留10%[来源:国税局]。

Note that unemployment benefits paid through an employer's private supplementary unemployment fund or a union-based unemployment fund are taxed separately from government unemployment compensation.

4: You Can Deduct Job-Hunting Expenses

寻找工作可能是一项全职工作,因此美国国税局(IRS)为失业者提供了与求职相关的费用的休息。
寻找工作可能是一项全职工作,因此美国国税局(IRS)为失业者提供了与求职相关的费用的休息。
Adam Gault/盖蒂图像

In a tight employment market, looking for work can be a full-time job. First, you need to draft the perfect resume, which often requires the paid services of an employment consultant. Then you need to get that resume into the hands of the right people, which could require a paid subscription to a targeted求职和网络网站。如果最好的工作前景在另一个州,该怎么办?您可能需要飞往托皮卡进行第一,第二和第三次访谈。所有这些费用加起来 - 您甚至还没有工作!

好消息是,您可以将一部分求职费用扣除作为逐项扣除。求职成本被归类为其他扣除额国税局(IRS), which means they're only deductible after they exceed 2 percent of your adjusted gross income [source:Bell]。With your regular salary, that would be tough. But if you were unemployed for most of the tax year, it doesn't take as much to exceed 2 percent.

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The hidden gem of job-hunting扣除是移动成本。如果底部从家乡的工作市场掉下来怎么办?如果您距离旧工作地点至少50英里以寻找工作,那么您可能有资格扣除一部分移动费用。我们说“可能”,因为有一些预选赛。一旦在新地点找到工作后,您必须在接下来12个月的接下来的39周内担任全职工作人员,以扣除移动费用[来源:国税局]。最酷的事情是,移动费用是您不必逐项划分扣除来要求它们,并且您也不必超过总收入的最低百分比。

唯一的坏消息是,您不能扣除在托皮卡(Topeka)的该工作面试的新诉讼或发型的成本[来源:堵塞]。

3:您可以扣除某些医疗费用

对于许多美国人,unemploymentoffers the first shocking introduction to the expense and complexity of the health care system. When you have an employee-sponsored health plan with reasonable co-payments, it's easy to take health coverage for granted. But if you lose your job, your health insurance coverage is extended for a few months by COBRA, and after that, you're on your own.

For tax purposes, you are allowed to deduct all un-reimbursed out-of-pocket medical expenses that exceed 7.5 percent of your adjusted gross income [source:国税局]。这些限制起初听起来很高,但请考虑您可以扣除的所有医疗费用:

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  • 眼镜蛇保险付款或个人保险范围
  • 自付医生的访问
  • 无偿医院账单
  • 处方药
  • 共同付款
  • Travel for medical treatment (mileage) [source:Block]

如果您超过50岁,主要是由于外国竞争而失业,那么您可能有资格获得健康覆盖税收抵免,最高可占合格健康保险费的72.5%[来源:IRS]。xf187手机版此信用的要求非常具体,但是如果您有资格,这是您无法承受的税收减免。

2. See If You Qualify For the EITC

Make sure you know whether you qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit before you finish your return.
Make sure you know whether you qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit before you finish your return.

TheEarned Income Tax Credit(EITC)是为低收入的美国人设计的税收减免。EITC的数量取决于您赚多少钱和家庭规模。要获得最大的信用,您只能赚取约15,000美元左右,如果您调整后的总收​​入为50,000美元或超过50,000美元或以上[来源:国税局]。

但这是一个棘手的部分:您必须有收入才能获得EITC的资格,并且unemployment benefits计算信贷时不要算作收入[来源:Bell]。So if you were unemployed for the entire tax year, you might not have enough earned income to qualify for the EITC. But if you were employed for part of the year, or if your spouse contributed income, then you might still qualify for the EITC, which has a maximum payout of $5,751 for a family with three or more children [source:国税局]。

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1:从失业者切换到自雇人士

The经济衰退has not only increased the失业率,但它说服了越来越多的美国人自己爆发。2012年,超过30%的美国工人是自雇人士,其中许多是自由职业者,独立承包商或顾问[资料来源:Goetz]。如果您将税作为自雇而不是失业,则可以兑现一些其他扣除。只需确保您遵守劳工部要求失业保险的规则,就可以了。

首先,作为一个自雇人士,您可以扣除一部分在家办公。现在,重要的是要注意,家庭办公室不仅仅是卧室里的临时桌子。一个合格的家庭办公室IRSpurposes needs to be "exclusively and regularly" used for business purposes, which include searching for work [source:IRS]。建立了家庭办公空间后,您可以扣除租金,互联网和电话服务,公用事业,财产税等的一部分。

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自雇人士的另一个好处是,您可以扣除为自己或其他家庭成员购买的任何健康保险范围的全部费用。xf187手机版这不是逐项扣除,也不受任何最低百分比要求的限制。

最后,由于您正在经营自己的业务,因此您有更大的自由来将费用作为业务支出。例如,一个自雇人士可以从行驶中扣除行驶里程,以与潜在的客户结识。2011年的里程扣除率为55.5美分1英里,加起来很快。

For lots more tax tips and helpful income tax info, explore the related links on the next page.

作者的笔记

I admit that before writing this article I was among the 40 percent of Americans who had no idea that you must pay income tax on unemployment benefits. It just sounds wrong — taxing people on the checks they depend on to stay above water. But it's nice to know that the tax code takes this into account, allowing deductions for job search expenses, for example, and credits like the EITC to assist families through especially difficult times.

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Sources

  • 贝尔,凯。雅虎!消息。“失业者的税收技巧。”2012年2月12日(2012年4月12日。)http://news.yahoo.com/tax-tips-unemployed-080022508.html
  • 街区,桑德拉。今日美国。“失业者的税收技巧:可扣除的东西。”2011年2月7日(2012年4月7日。)http://www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/columnist/block/2011-02-02-08-yourmoney08_st_n.htm
  • Goetz,Kaomi。美国国家公共电台。“对于自由职业者来说,登陆工作空间会变得更加艰难。”2012年4月10日。(2012年4月10日。)http://www.npr.org/2012/04/10/10/150286116/for-freelancers-landing-a-workspace-gets-harder
  • 国税局。“ HCTC:资格要求以及如何获得HCTC”(2012年4月10日。
  • 国税局。“内政部扣除提醒。”2006年9月http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,,ID=163079,00.html
  • 国税局。"IRS Offers Four Tips on Unemployment Benefits." February 15, 2012 (April 10, 2012.) http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=254331,00.html
  • 国税局。"Publication 17: Your Federal Income Tax" (April 7, 2012.) http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p17.pdf
  • 国税局。"Tax Year 2011 Income Limits and Range of EITC" (April 6, 2012.) http://www.eitc.irs.gov/central/abouteitc/ranges/
  • 国税局。"Topic 455 – Moving Expenses" (April 10, 2012.) http://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc455.html

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